Finish remover



Patented Apr. 23, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,999,165 rimsn REMOVER Carleton Ellis, ,Montclair, N. J., assignor to Chadeloid Chemical Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of West Virginia No Drawing. A plication January 14, 1932, Serial No. 586,709

Claims.

is in sufiiciently good condition. Methods of destructive hydrogenation of petroleum are well known, a satisfactory method being described in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, by Haslam, 1930, page 1030.

The use of acetone as a wax precipitant is quite satisfactory. However it will be understood that other wax precipitants can be employed with the acetone or can be used without acetone, Within the scope of the present invention.

The wax employed can be parafiine wax, ceresin wax or other suitable waxy bodies, such as are well known in the finish remover art. The amount of wax can vary between 1% and 3 or 4%, or can be increased up to 8% or even more, where very heavy bodied removers, in paste form are desired.

It will be understood that the addition of other wax solvents in addition to the hydrogenated cracked petroleum product is not precluded.

A special wax precipitant which I have found to give especially good results with the hydrogenated product can be made by passing isopropyl alcohol through a heating tube, for example in contact with a filling agent of catalytic metal such as copper or iron, at a cracking temperature. Under these conditions, assuming the isopropyl alcohol to be substantially water-free, or not containing more than 1 or 2% of water, the resulting mixture may be one-fourth isopropyl alcohol and three-fourths acetone. Since more than a few per cent of water greatly reduces the cutting activity of the remover, it may be advisable to dehydrate this cracked product somewhat.

The proportions of the materials can be varied within a rather wide range. The following table gives seven formulas. Hyd. petr. refers to the hydrogenated petroleum fraction i. e. that made by the destructive hydrogenation process. Acetone used in said table 'refers to ordinary commercial acetone, substantially free from water. Cr. iso. means the cracked isopropyl alcohol,

made from commercial isopropyl alcohol whichcontained about 1% of water in this particular case.

Wax refers in some cases to paraffine wax, and in some cases to ceresin wax. These are marked P and C respectively in the said 5 table. In this table, the first four columns (following the numbers of the formulas) give the percentage of the components in the solvent portion of the remover, and the last two columns give the percentage of wax (or wax and nitrocellulose) in the entire remover.

Acetone 15 Percent Percent Percent Percent 7 Percent In Formula Number 4, 5% of high viscosity nitrocellulose was added, to increase the viscosity of the solution. Such an addition is frequently useful where the wax content is relatively low, and it is desired to thicken the remover without the objectionable features produced by the addition of more wax.

The hydrogenated petroleum fractions to be used can vary more or less in volatility. It should of course be taken into consideration that volatility at atmospheric temperature, of different liquids is not strictly inversely proportional to boiling points. Thus an alcohol of a given boiling point is usually substantially less volatile than a petroleum hydrocarbon distillate of that same boiling point the volatility referred to'being the rate of evaporation of the said material at ordinary room temperature, when exposed for ex- 40 ample in a flat dish. I prefer to use destructively hydrogenated petroleum fractions boiling in the gasoline range.

In some of the formulasabove given I have included methanol as a constituent of the remover. Anhydrous methanol has the advantage of being fairly active in removers of this type, especially it added only in moderate proportion. Various other solvents such asmethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, alcohols, (e. g,; anhydrous ethyl alcohol), higher ketones including methyl ethyl ketone, acetals, and the like, may be employed as additions to the .remover compositions replacing wholly or in part the illustrative ketone constituent. It should be noted that isopropyl alcohol is a. rather sluggish solvent used herein and that its conversionby cracking should be carried forward to a large degree to convert at least the major part of this alcohol into acetone in order to obtain a cutting solvent of desirable activity. Liquids of the type mentioned in this paragraph, are commonly referred to in this art as loosening solven and that term is so used herein.

In some cases I may partly replace the wax and the whole of the nitrocellulose by a metallic soap of the type of, cadmium oleate. Some of the metallic scans of naphthenic acid also are sufficiently soluble to be used as thickeners. This applies to a lesser degree for aluminum palmitate,

and'the like, and the metallic soaps of lauric acid.

Some of the metallic soaps have good thickening properties'wliile others are not sufliciently soluble to be suitable for the purpose. When such soaps possess the desired thickening properties they may as ageneral rule be added to the remover to give viscosity without cutting down the speed of the remover to any large degree.

Petroleum distillates have of course been many times proposed, as constituents of paint and varnish removers. A serious objection to these materials is that they do not readily mix with alcoholic solvents, acetone and the like, particularly in the presence of small amounts of wax. This objection does not hold, to so great an extent, in the caseof the destructively hydrogenated product as above described.

1. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, of the wax, wax solvent and wax precipitant type, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum product, boiling in the gasoline range, as a wax solvent.

2. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum fraction boiling in the gasoline range, acetone and a wax.

3. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum fraction, boiling in the gasoline range, an alcohol, acetone and a wax.

4. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum fraction boiling in the gasoline range, isopropyl alcohol, acetone and a wax.

5. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum fraction boiling in the gasoline range and made from a petroleum high in naphthenes, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone and a wax.

6. A finish remover of the wax, wax solvent and wax precipitant type, containing as a constituent, a destructively hydrogenated highly naphthenic petroleum product boiling in the gasoline range and such remover being substantially free from benzol.

7. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum traction boiling in the gasoline range and made from a petroleum high in naphthenes, an alcoholic wax precipitant, and a wax and substantially free from benzol.

8. A finish remover of the wax-containing type, which comprises a volatile destructively hydrogenated petroleum material boiling in the gasoline range and a cracked isopropyl alcohol containing a major proportion of acetone and a minor proportion of isopropyl alcohol, any water present being less than 1.5%, such hydrogenated petroleum material being produced from a petroleum high in naphthenes and being substantially free from benzol.

9. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum traction boiling in the gasoline range an aliphatic alcohol, acetone and a wax.

10. A finish remover suitable for removing dried coats of paint, varnish and lacquer, containing a destructively hydrogenated petroleum fraction boiling in the gasolinerange and made from a petroleum high in naphthenes, an alcoholic wax precipitant which is an aliphatic alcohol, and a wax and substantially free from benzol.

CARLETON ELLIS. 

